Vanadium
A steel-strengthening alloy and the active material in vanadium redox flow batteries for long-duration storage.
Vanadium flow batteries are a candidate for long-duration storage paired with renewable-powered AI campuses; high-strength steel for construction.
Where it's produced
Share of 2025 world mine production (metric tons). Source: USGS MCS 2026.
Where the reserves are
Share of known economic reserves (metric tons). World total: 21k t. ≈ 0 years at 2025 output.
Who calls it critical
Membership on each government list. “Strategic” marks a higher tier where the list has one; “group” means included as part of a group such as rare earths or PGMs.
Vanadium: key questions
- Where is vanadium mined or produced?
- According to USGS 2025 data, the largest producers are China (75%), Russia (19%) and Brazil (4.8%) of world mine production.
- Is vanadium a critical mineral?
- Vanadium appears on 8 of the 10 official lists we track (United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Canada).
- Is vanadium in short supply?
- Our supply status: Watch. null
- Why does vanadium matter for AI infrastructure?
- Vanadium flow batteries are a candidate for long-duration storage paired with renewable-powered AI campuses; high-strength steel for construction.
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